janamejaya uvāca
ya ete kīrtitā brahmanye cānye nānukīrtitāḥ
samyak tācchrotumicchāmi rājñaścānyānsahasraśaḥ
Janamejaya said: O Brāhmaṇa! I wish to hear in detail accounts of those that you have named and of those who you have not named and other kings and potentates by thousands.
yadarthamiha saṁbhūtā devakalpā mahārathāḥ
bhuvi tanme mahābhāga samyagākhyātumarhasi
O great man! You should tell me in full the object for which these great car warriors, all equal to celestials, were born on Earth.
rahasyaṁ khalvidaṁ rājandevānāmiti naḥ śrutam
tattu te kathayiṣyāmi namaskṛtvā svayaṁbhuve
Vaiśampāyana said: O king! We have heard that what you ask is a mystery even to celestials. I shall however, speak of it, after bowing my head to self born Brahmā.
triḥsaptakṛtvaḥ pṛthivīṁ kṛtvā niḥkṣitriyāṁ purā
jāmadagnyastapastepe mahendre parvatottame
Son of Jamadagni, Paraśurāma, after making Earth bereft of Kṣatriyas for 21 times, went to the best of mountains named Mahendra and began his penances.
tadā niḥkṣatriye loke bhārgaveṇa kṛte sati
brāhmaṇānkṣatriyā rājansutārthinyo ̍bhicakramuḥ
O king! When Earth was thus bereft of Kṣatriyas, Kṣatriya women used to come to Brāhmaṇas for offspring.
tābhiḥ saha samāpeturbrāhmaṇāḥ saṁśitavratāḥ
ṛtāvṛtau naravyāghra na kāmānnanṛtau tathā
O best of men, Brāhmaṇas had connections with them only at their seasons and not when they were not in their seasons and Brāhmaṇas did not do it with lust.
tebhyaśca lebhire garbhaṁ kṣatriyāstāḥ sahasraśaḥ
tataḥ suṣuvire rājankṣatriyānvīryavattarān
Thus thousands of Kṣatriya women conceived through these connections with Brāhmaṇas and O king, thus were born many Kṣatriyas of great prowess,
kumārāśca kumārīśca punaḥ kṣatrābhivṛddhaye
evaṁ tadbrāhmaṇai kṣatraṁ kṣatriyāsu tapasvibhiḥ
Many boys and girls, in order to thrive Kṣatriya race. Thus sprang Kṣatriya race from Kṣatriya women from their connections with ascetic Brāhmaṇas.
jātaṁ vṛddhaṁ ca dharmeṇa sudīrgheṇāyuṣānvitam
catvāro ̍pi tato varṇā babhūvurbrāhmaṇottarāḥ
New generation, blessed with long life, began to thrive in virtue and thus were again established 4 castes having Brāhmaṇas at their head.
abhyagacchannṛtau nārīṁ na kāmānnānṛtau tathā
tathaivānyāni bhūtāni bhūtāni tiryagyonigatānyapi
ṛtau dārāṁśca gacchanti tattathā bharatarṣabha
tato vardhanta dhrmeṇa sahasraśatajīvinaḥ
At the same time of which I speak, every man went to his wife only at the time of her season and never from lust or when she was not at her season, Other creatures also, even those who were born in the race of birds, followed this example. O best of Bharata race, thus were born hundreds of creatures and they all thrived in virtue.
tāḥ prajāḥ pṛthivīpāla dharmavrataparāyaṇāḥ
ādhibhirvyādhibhiścaiva vimuktāḥ sarvaśo narāḥ
O lord of the Earth, all creatures were virtuous and religious and all men were free from sorrow and disease.
athemāṁ sāgarāpāṅgīṁ gāṁ gajendragatākhilām
adhyatiṣṭhatpunaḥ kṣatraṁ saśailavanapattanām
O king, having walk of elephant, thus once more, wide Earth, with ocean for her boundaries, with her mountains and woods and towns was governed by Kṣatriyas.
praśāsati punaḥ kṣatre dharmeṇemāṁ vasuṁdharām
brāhmaṇādyāstato varṇā lobhire mudamuttamām
When thus Earth was again governed virtuously by Kṣatriyas, other castes, having Brāhmaṇas at their head, were filled with great joy.
kāmakrodhodbhavāndoṣānnirasya ca narādhipāḥ
dharmeṇa daṇḍaṁ daṇḍyeṣu praṇayanto ̍nvapālayan
All kings of the world, becoming free from vices born of lust and anger and punishing those who deserved punishment, protected Earth.
tathā dharmapare kṣatre sahasrākṣaḥ śatakratuḥ
svādu deśe ca kāle ca varṣeṇāpālayatprajḥ
Indra, deity who performed 100 sacrifices and who has 1,000 eyes, seeing that all Kṣatriya sovereigns ruled their kingdoms very virtuously, poured down vivifying showers of rains at proper time and at the proper place and thus protected all creatures.
na bāla eva mriyate sadā kaścicajjanādhipa
na ca striyaṁ prajānāti kaścidaprāptayauvanaḥ
O king! No one died in early age and none took to wife before attaining to age.
evamāyuṣmatībhistu prajābhirbharatarṣabha
iyaṁ sāgaraparyantā samāpūryata medinī
O best of Bharata race, thus was filled Earth to the very shores of the sea with long lived men.
ījire ca mahāyajñaiḥ kṣatriyā bahudakṣiṇaiḥ
sāṅgopaniṣadānvedānviprāścādhīyate tadā
Kṣatriyas performed great sacrifices and bestowed much wealth an Brāhmaṇas and all Brāhmaṇas also studied Vedas and Vedāṅgas, Upaniṣads.
na ca vikrīṇate brahma brāhmaṇāśca tadā nṛpa
na ca śūdrasamābhyāse vedānuccārayantyuta
O king! No Brāhmaṇa ever sold Vedas and none of them ever read them aloud before Śūdra.
kārayantaḥ kṛṣiṁ gobhistathā vaiśyāḥ kṣitāviha
yuñjate dhuri no gāśca kṛśāṁ gāṁścāpyajīvayan
vaiśyas tilled well Earth with the help of bullocks and they never yoked kine to the plough. They carefully fed lean ones.
phenapāṁśca tathā vatsānna duhanti sma mānavāḥ
na kūṭamānairvaṇijaḥ pāṇyaṁ vikrīṇate tadā
Men never milched cows as long as calves could not live on the milk of their mothers. No merchant sold his goods with false scales.
karmāṇi ca naravyāghra dharmopetāni mānavāḥ
dharmamevānupaśyantaścakrardharmaparāyaṇāḥ
O best of men! All men, thus virtuously inclined, did everything with their eyes fixed on virtue.
svakarmaniratāścāsansarve varṇā narādhipa
evaṁ tadā naravyāghra dharrmo na hrasate kvacit
O king! All men of all castes were mindful of the respective duties of their duties of their respective castes. O best of men! Their virtue never sustained any diminution.
kāle gāvaḥ prasūyante nāryaśca bharatarṣabha
bhavantyṛtuṣu vṛkṣaṇāṁ puṣpāṇi ca phalāni ca
Both women and kine gave birth to offspring at proper time and trees bore flowers and fruits at their proper seasons.
evaṁ kṛtayuge samyagvartamāne tadā nṛpa
āpūryata mahī kṛtsnā prāṇibhirbahubhirbhṛśam
O king! Kṛta - Satya Yuga having come into the world, whole Earth was filled with numerous beings.
evaṁ samudite loke mānuṣe bharatarṣabha
asurā jajñire kṣetre rājñāṁ tu manujeśvara
O best of Bharata race! O lord of men! When such was happy state of the world, Asuras began to take birth in royal dynasties.
ādityairhi tadā daityā bahuśo nirjitā yudhi
aiśvaryādbhraṁśitāḥ svrgātsaṁbabhūvuḥ kṣitāviha
Sons of Diti, Asuras, having been continually defeated by the Ādityas - celestials and deprived of sovereignty and heaven, began to taks birth on Earth.
iha devatvamicchanto mānuṣeṣu manasvinaḥ
jajñire bhuvi bhūteṣu teṣu teṣvasurā vibho
goṣvaśveṣu ca rājendra kharoṣṭramahiṣeṣu ca
kravyātsu caiva bhūteṣu gajeṣu ca mṛgeṣu ca
O king! Wishing to enjoy sovereignty in this Earth, powerful Asuras took birth among humans, cows, horses, mules, camels, buffaloes, elephants, deer they also took birth as Rākṣasas and others.
jātairiha mahīpāla jāyamānaiśca tairmahī
na śaśākātmanātmānamiyaṁ dhārayituṁ dharā
O protector of the world, owing to the birth of those Asuras that were already born and those who were being born, Earth became incapable of supporting herself.
atha jātā mahīpālāḥ kecidbahumadānvitāḥ
diteḥ putrā danoścaiva tadā loka ihācyutāḥ
Amongst Daityas and Dānavas, some, being thrown off from heaven, took birth as men and became proud and insolent monarchs on Earth.
vīryavanto ̍valiptāste nānārūpadharā mahīm
imāṁ sāgaraparyantāṁ parīyurarimardanāḥ
Possessed of great prowess, they covered Earth in various shapes. They, becoming great oppressors, filled Earth to very shores of the sea.
brāhmaṇānkṣatriyānvaiśyānśūdrāṁścaivāpyapīḍayan
anyāni caiva sattvāni pīḍayāmāsurojasā
They began to oppress Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas, Śūdras. They began to persecute all other creatures with their strength.
trāsayanto ̍bhinighnantaḥ sarvabhūtagaṇāṁśca te
viceruḥ sarvaśo rājanmahīṁ śatasahasraśaḥ
O king! Frightening and killing all creatures, they roamed over the Earth in hundreds and thousands
āśramasthānmaharṣīṁśca dharṣayantastatastataḥ
abrahmaṇyā vīryamadā mattā madabalena ca
bereft of virtue and truth, proud of their strength, intoxicated with their insolence. They even insulted holy Ṛṣis in their hermitages.
evaṁ vīryabalotsiktairbhūriyatnairmahāsuraiḥ
pīḍyamānā mahī rājanbrahmāṇamupacakrame
O king! Earth, thus oppressed by Asuras of great strength, energy and abundant means, thought of appealing to Brahmā.
vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca
ityuktvā sa mahīṁ devo brahmā rājanvisṛya ca
ādideśa tadā sarvānvibudhānbhūtakṛrsvayam
asyā bhūmernirasituṁ bhāraṁ bhāgaiḥ pṛthakpṛthak
asyāmeva prasūyaghvaṁ virodhāyeti cābravīt
Vaiśampāyana said: O king! Having thus addressed Earth, divine Brahmā, bade her farewell. Then Creator commanded all celestials, saying: All of you go and take your birth on Earth to free her from her burden. Go according to your respective parts and seek battles with Dānavas.
tathaiva ca samānīya gandharvāpsarasāṁ gaṇān
uvāca bhagavānsarvānidaṁ vacanamarthavat
Then Creator of all creatures, calling all the tribes of Gandharvas and Apsaras, spoke to them thus: All of you go and take your birth amongst men according to your respective parts and in the forms you prefer.
brahmovāca
svaiḥ svairaṁśaiḥ prasūyaghvaṁ yatheṣṭaṁ mānuṣeṣu ca
atha śakrādayaḥ sarve śrutvā suragurorvacaḥ
tathyamarthyaṁ ca pathyaṁ ca tasya te jagṛhustadā
All celestials with Indra at their head, having heard these words of the lord of celestials, words that were true, that were desirable under circumstances and which were fraught with benefit, accepted them.
atha te sarvaśoṁ ̍śaiḥ svairgantuṁ bhūrgantuṁ bhūmiṁ kṛtakṣaṇāḥ
nārāyaṇamamitraghnaṁ vaikuṇṭhamupacakramuḥ
Having then resolved to take birth on Earth according to their respective parts, they all went to Vaikuṇṭha to the slayer of foes, Nārāyaṇa,
yaḥ sa cakragadāpāṇiḥ pītavāsāḥ śitiprabhaḥ
padmanābhaḥ surārighnaḥ pṛthucārvañcitekṣaṇaḥ
Who bears discus and mace in his hands, who wears yellow coloured cloth, who is greatly effulgent, who has lotus in his navel, who is the slayer of the foes of celestials, who is fixedly starting at his wide chest.
prajāpatipatirdevaḥ suranātho mahābalaḥ
śrīvatsāṅko hṛṣīkeśaḥ sarvadaivatapūjitaḥ
Who is lord of Prajāpati - Brahmā himself, who is sovereign of all the gods, who is of infinite srength, who has the mark of auspicious wheel on his breast, who is central force of everyone ̍s faculties and who is adored by all the deities,
taṁ bhuvaḥ śodhanāyendra uvāca puruṣottamam
aṁśenāvataretyevaṁ tathetyāha ca taṁ hariḥ
To him, this most exalted of all persons, Indra said: Be incarnate! and Hari replied: Be it so!
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