pirmdiena, 2025. gada 28. jūlijs

Vaiśampāyana starts the history of Mahābhārata

 vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca

gurave prāṅnamaskṛtya manobuddhisamādhibhiḥ

saṁpūjya ca dvijānsarvāstathānyaānviduṣo janān

maharṣerviśrutasyeha sarvalokeṣu dhīmataḥ

pravakṣyāmi mataṁ kṛtsnaṁ vyāsasyāsya mahātmanaḥ


Bowing down first to my Guru with 8 parts of my body touching the ground and then worshipping with devotion, reverence and singleness of min all the Brāhmaṇas and learned men present here, I shall now recite in full narration, I heard the best of intelligent men, high souled great Ṛṣi, Vyāsa.

śrotuṁ pātraṁ ca rājaṁstvaṁ prāpyemāṁ bhāratīṁ kathām

gurorvaktraparispando manaḥ protsāhayatīva me


O king! You are proper person to hear history of Bharata. I feel no fear to perform this great act reciting Bharata encouraged as I am by my Guru.


śṛṇu rājanyathā bhedaḥ kurupāṇḍavayorabhūt

rājyārthe dyūtasaṁbhūto vanavāsastathaiva ca


Hear, O king, why the quarrel between Kurus and Pāṇḍavas occured and how occurred excile of Pāṇḍavas as the result of the game of dice, prompted by desire of Kurus to gain kingdom.


yathā ca yuddhamabhavatpṛthivīkṣayakārakam

tatte ̍haṁ kathayiṣyāmi pṛcchate bharatarṣabha


And how the battle was fought to exterminate all men. O best of Bharata race, I shall relate all this to you as you ask me.


mṛte pitari te vīrā vanādetya svamandiram

nacirādeva vidvāṁso vede dhanuṣi cābhavan


On the death of their father, Pāṇḍavas came back came back to their own home from the forest. They became experts in the science of archery within very short time.

tāṁstathā satvavīryaujaḥ saṁpannānpaurasaṁmatān

nāmṛṣyankuravo dṛṣṭvā pāṇḍavāñchrīyaśobhṛtaḥ


Kaurāvas became jealous of Pāṇḍavas, who were all gifted with great physical strength, energy and power of mind. They were also very popular with citizens.


tato duryodhanaḥ krūraḥ karṇaśca saha saubalaḥ
teṣāṁ nigrahanirvāsānvidhāṁste samārabhan


Thereupon, wicked minded Duryodhana with Karṇa and son of Subala, Śakuni, tried to banish them and persecuted them in various ways.

tato duryodhanaḥ śūraḥ kuliṅgasya mate sthitaḥ
pāṇḍavānvidhopāyai rājyahetorapīḍayat

Wicked minded Duryodhana, guided by the bird of evil omen - Śakuni, persecuted Pāṇḍavas by various means in order to have undisputed possession of kingdom.

dadāvatha viṣaṁ pāpo bhīmāya dhṛtarāṣṭrajaḥ
jarayāmāsa tadvīraḥ sahānnena vṛkodaraḥ

That wretch of the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra gave poison to Bhīma with his food, but that hero digested it.


pramāṇakoṭyāṁ saṁsuptaṁ punarbaghvā vṛkodaram
toyeṣu bhīmaṁ gaṅgāyāḥ prakṣipya puramāvrajat

That wretch one day bound sleeping Bhīma on the bank of Gaṅgā and throwing him into the water, went away.

yadā vibuddhaḥ kaunteyastadā saṁcchidya bandhanam

udatiṣṭhanmahābāhurbhīmaseno gatavyathaḥ


But when strong armed Bhīma, Kaunteya, awoke, he tore up the strings with which he was bound and his pains were all gone.

āśīviṣaiḥ kṛṣṇasarpaiḥ suptaṁ cainamadaṁśayat

sarveṣvāṅgadeśeṣu na mamāra ca śatruhā


While asleep, he was caused to be bitten in every part of his body by black snakes of virulent poison, but that chastiser of foes did not perish still.

teṣāṁ tu viprakāreṣu teṣu teṣu mahāmatiḥ

mokṣaṇe pratikāre ca viduro ̍vahito ̍bhavat


In all these various persecutions of Pāṇḍavas by Kurus, high souled Vidura was always engaged in counter acting their evil designs and saving persecuted Pāṇḍavas.

svargastho jīvalokasya yathā śakraḥ sukhāvahaḥ

pāṇḍavānāṁ tathā nityaṁ viduro ̍pi sukhāvahaḥ


As Indra keeps heavens and Earth in happiness, so did Vidura always keep Pāṇḍavas in happiness.


yadā tu vividhopāyaiḥ saṁvṛtairvivṛtairapi

nāśakadvinihantuṁ tāndaivabhāvyartharakṣitān

tataḥ saṁmantrya sacivairvṛṣaduḥśānādibhiḥ

dhṛtarāṣṭramanujñāpya jātuṣaṁ gṛhamādiśat

When Duryodhana found himself incapable of destroying Pāṇḍavas, who were protected by Fate and kept alive for graver objects, by various secret and open means he called together his councillors, Karṇa,Duḥśāsana and others. He then caused a house of lac to be built with knowledge of Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

sutapriyaiṣī tānrājā pāṇḍavānambikāsutaḥ
tato vivāsayāmāsa rājyabhogabubhukṣayā

That king, son of Ambikā - Dhṛtarāṣṭra, out of affection for his sons and being tempted by desire for sovereignty, sent Pāṇḍavas to exile.


te prātiṣṭhanta sahitā nagarānnāgasāhvayāt
prasthāne cābhavanmantrī kṣattā teṣāṁ mahātmanām

Pāṇḍavas went away with their mother from Hastinapura and when they went away, son of Vaiśya woman - Vidura, became adviser of those illustrious men.

tena muktā jatugṛhānniśīthe prādravanam
tataḥ saṁprāpya kaunteyā nagaraṁ vāraṇāvatam


Being saved through him from the house of lac, they fled at the dead of night to deep forest. They, Kaunteyas, came to a city called Vāraṇāvata.


nyavasanta mahātmāno mātrā saha paraṁtapāḥ

dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa cājñaptā uṣitā jātuṣe gṛhe


And those chastisers of foes, those illustrious men, lived there with their mother in the house of lac, as commanded by Dhṛtarāṣṭa.

purocanādrakṣamāṇāḥ saṁvatsaramatandritāḥ
suruṅgāṁ kārayitvā tu vidureṇa pracoditāḥ

They lived in the house for 1 year, watchfully protecting themselves from Purucana. At the same time they dug subterranean passage according to directions of Vidura.

ādīpya jātuṣaṁ veśma dagdhvā caiva purocanam
prādravanbhayasaṁvignā mātrā saha paraṁtapāḥ

They then set fire to the house of lac and burnt Purocana. They, those chastisers of foes, then fled with their mother in anxiety and in fear.

dadṛśurdāruṇaṁ rakṣo hiḍimbaṁ vananirjhare
hatvā ca taṁ rākṣasendraṁ bhītāḥ samavabodhanāt
niśi saṁprādravanpārthā dhārtarāṣṭrabhayārditāḥ
prāptā hiḍimbā bhīmena yatra jāto ghaṭotkacaḥ

They saw, near a fountain in the forest, a fearful Rākṣasa named Hiḍimbā. They killed that king of Rākṣasas. They, Pārthas, afraid of Dhārtarāṣṭras, then fled in darkness, so that they might not run the risk of being seen by anybody. Here Bhīma acquired Hiḍimbā, of whom Ghaṭotkaca was born.

ekacakrāṁ tato gatvā pāṇḍavāḥ saṁśitavratāḥ
vedādhyayanasaṁpannāste ̍bhavanbrahmacāriṇā

Pāṇḍavas of rigid vows, learned in Vedas, then came to a place called Ekacakra and lived there as Brahmacārīs.

te tatra niyatāḥ kālaṁ kaṁcidūṣurnararṣabhāḥ
mātrā sahaikacakrāyāṁ brahmaṇasya niveśane

They, those best of men, with their mother lived there for some time in the house of a Brāhmaṇa, in temperance and in abstinence.

tatrāsasāda kṣudhitaṁ puruṣādaṁ vṛkodaraḥ
bhīmaseno mahābāhurbakaṁ nāma mahābalam

It was here that mighty armed Bhīma met with greatly powerful and hungry man eating Rākṣasa named Baka.

taṁ cāpi puruṣavyāghro bāhuvīryeṇa pāṇḍavaḥ
nihatya tarasā vīro nāgarānparyasāntvayat

The best of men, Pāṇḍava Bhīma, soon killed him with the strenght of his arms and thus made citizens safe and fearless.

tataste śuśruvuḥ kṛṣṇāṁ pañcāleṣu svayaṁvarām
śrutvā caivābhyagacchanta gatvā caivālabhanta tām

Then they heard of Svayaṁvara of Kṛṣṇā - Draupadī, Daughter of king of Pañcāla. Having heard it, they went there and obtained her.

te tatra draupadīṁ labdhvā parisaṁvatsaroṣitāḥ
viditā hāstinapuraṁ pratyājagmurariṁdamāḥ

Having obtained Draupadī, they lived there for 1 year and then those chastisers of foes, having been known, went back to Hastinapura.

te uktā dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa rājñā śāntanavena ca
bhrātṛbhirvigrahastāta kathaṁ vo na bhavediti

They were then told by the king Dhṛtarāṣṭra amd son of Śāntanu, as follows: O dear children, so that dissensions may not take place among you all brothers and cousins.


asmābhiḥ khāṇḍavaprasthe yuṣmadvāso ̍nucintitaḥ
tasmājjanapadopetaṁ suvibhaktamahāpatham
vāsāya khāṇḍavaprasthaṁ vrajaghvaṁ gatamatsarāḥ
tayoste vacanājjagmuḥ saha sarvaiḥ suhṛjjanaiḥ
nagaraṁ khāṇḍavaprasthaṁ ratnānyādāya sarvaśaḥ
tatra te nyavasanpārthāḥ saṁvatsaragaṇānbahūn

We have settled that Khāṇḍavaprastha will be your abode. Therefore, casting of all jealousies, go to live at Khāṇḍavaprastha, which contains many towns and broad roads. Having heard these words, Pāṇḍavas, with all their friends and followers, went to Khāṇḍavaprastha, taking with them many jewels and precious stones. Pārthas lived there for many years.

vaśe śastrapratāpena kurvanto ̍nyānmahībhṛtaḥ
evaṁ dharmapradhānāste satyavrataparāyaṇāḥ

They brought by the force of their arms many chiefs and potentates under their subjugation. Setting their hearts on virtue and firmly adhering to truth.

apramattotthitāḥ kṣāntāḥ pratapanto ̍hitānbahūn
ajayadbhīmasenastu diśaṁ prācīṁ mahāyaśāḥ

Being unexcited by wrath, being calm in demeanour and putting down numerous evils, Pāṇḍavas gradually rose in power. Greatly illustrious Bhīma subjugated East.

udīcīmarjuno vīraḥ pratīcīṁ nakulastathā
dakṣiṇāṁ sahadevastu vijigye paravīrahā

Heroic Arjuna conquered North, Nakula - West and slayer of heroic foes, Sahadeva - South.

evaṁ cakrurimāṁ sarve vaśe kutsnāṁ vasuṁdharām
pañcabhiḥ sūryasaṁkāśaiḥ sūryeṇa ca virājatā

Having done this, their kingdom extended over whole world. Each like a sun in splendour, they looked like five suns.

ṣaṭsūryevābhavatpṛthvī pāṇḍavai satyavikramaḥ
tato nimitte kasmiṁściddharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
vanaṁ prasthāpayāmāsa tejasvī satyavikramaḥ
prāṇebhyo ̍pi priyataraṁ bhrātaraṁ savyasācinam

And Earth appeared to have 6 suns on account of the presence of heroic Pāṇḍavas. Then for some reasons just king Yudhiṣṭhira sent to the forest his greatly powerful and heroic brother Savyasācin - Arjuna, dearer to him than life itself.

arjunaṁ puruṣavyāghraṁ sthirātmānaṁ guṇairyutam
sa vai saṁvatsaraṁ pūrṇaṁ māsaṁ caikaṁ vane vasan

That best of men, self controlled and virtuous Arjuna lived in the forest for 11 years and one month.

tato gacchaddhruṣīkeśaṁ dvāravatyāṁ kadācana
labdhavāṁstatra bībhatsurbhāryāṁ rājīvalocanam

Thus roving about in many places, on one occasion, he went to Kṛṣṇa in Dwārakā and he obtained there for his wife lotue eyed 

anujāṁ vāsudevasya subhadrāṁ bhadrabhāṣiṇīm
sā śacīva mahendreṇa śrīḥ kṛṣṇeneva saṁgatā

And sweet speeched younger sister of Kṛṣṇa, named Subhadrā. Like Śacī with great Indra and like Lakṣmī with Kṛṣṇa.


subhadrā yuyuje prītyā pāṇḍavenārjunena ha
atarpayacca  kaunteyaḥ khāṇḍave havyavāhanam
bībhatsurvāsudevena sa hito nṛpasattama
nātibhāro hi pārthasya keśavena sahābhavat

Subhadra was much pleased to be united with Arjuna, Pāṇḍava. O best of kings! Kaunteya with Kṛṣṇa then gratified Agni by giving him Khāṇḍava to burn. Task did not at all appear heavy to Arjuna, assisted as he was by Kṛṣṇa.


vyavasāyasahāyasya viṣṇoḥ śatruvadheṣviva
pārthāyāgnirdadau cāpi gāṇḍīvaṁ dhanuruttamam

As nothing is a heavy task to Viṣṇu, in the matter of destroying his enemies. Agni gave to Pārthaan excellent bow Gāṇḍīva.

iṣudhī cākṣayairbāṇai rathaṁ ca kapilakṣaṇam
mokṣayāmāsa bībhatsurmayaṁ yatra mahāsuram

An inexhaustible quiver and one war chariot, bearing an ape as its standard. On this occasion did Arjuna rescue frightened great Asura Maya.

sa cakāra sabhāṁ divyāṁ sarvaratnasamārcitām
tasyāṁ duryodhano mando lobhaṁ cakre sudurmatiḥ

And Maya built beautiful assembly hall, adorned with all sorts of jewels and precious stones. Seeing this building, wicked Duryodhana was tempted to possess it.


tato ̍kṣairvañcayitvā ca saubalena yudhiṣṭhiram
vanaṁ prasthāpayāmāsa sapta varṣāṇi pañca ca

Thereupon he deceived Yudhiṣṭhira by means of game, played by son of Subala - Śakuni and he sent him to the forest for 12 years.

ajñātamekaṁ rāṣṭre ca tato varṣaṁ trayodaśam
tataścaturdaśe varṣe yācamānāḥ svakaṁ vasu

And another additional year to live in concealment, thus making period of banishment complete 13 years. On the 14th year, when Pāṇḍavas returned and claimed their kingdom.

nālabhanta mahārāja tato yuddhamavartata
tataste kṣatramutsādya hatvā duryodhanaṁ nṛpam
rājyaṁ vihatabhūyiṣṭhaṁ pratyapadyanta pāṇḍavāḥ
evametatpurāvṛttaṁ teṣāmakliṣṭakarmaṇām
bhedo rājyavināśāya jayaśca jayatāṁ vara


O king! They did not get it! Thereupon war was declared and Pāṇḍavas, after exterminating whole race of Kṣatriyas and  killing king Duryodhana obtained back their kingdom. This is the story of Pāṇḍavas, who never acted under the influence of evil passions. O best of kings! This is account of dissension that ended in the loss of their kingdom by Kurus and of the victory of Pāṇḍavas.



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