pirmdiena, 2025. gada 28. jūlijs

Story of Uparicāra, Parāśara, Satyavatī

 vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca

rājoparicaro nāma dharmanityo mahīpatiḥ

babhūva mṛgayāṁ gantuṁ sadā kila dhṛtavrataḥ


Vaiśampāyana said: Ther was a king, ever devoted to virtue, named Uparicāra. He was very much addicted to hunting.


sa cediviṣayaṁ ramyaṁ vasuḥ pauravanandanaḥ

indropadeśājjagrāha ramaṇīyaṁ mahīpatiḥ


That son of Paurava, Uparicāra called also Vasu, directed by Indra, conquered beautiful and excellent kingdom of Cedi.


tamāśrame nyastaśastraṁ nivasantaṁ taponidhim

devāḥ śakrapurogā vai rājānamupatasthire


King, some time after, giving up use of arms and dwelling in secluded retreat, practised severe asceticism. Celestials with Indra at their head one day came to king.

indratvamarho rājāyaṁ tapasetyanucintya vai

taṁ sāntvena nṛpaṁ sākṣāttapasaḥ saṁnyavartayan


Believing that he sought to be king of celestials by practising severe austerities, celestials, appearing before him, succeeded with sweet words in winning him from his asceticism.


devā ūcuḥ

na saṁkīryeta dharmo ̍yaṁ pṛthivyāṁ pṛthivīpate

tvayā hi dharmo vidhṛtaḥ kṛtsnaṁ dhārayate jagat


Celestials said: O king of the world! You should see that piety may not sustain diminution in your hands. Protected by you, piety will protect the universe.

indra uvāca

loke dharmaṁ pālaya tvaṁ nityayuktaḥ samāhitaḥ

dharmayuktastato lokānpuṇyānpaśyasi śāśvatān


Indra said: Protect attentively and rigidly piety on Earth. Protecting virtue on Earth, you will see many sacred regions in after life.


diviṣṭhasya bhuviṣṭhastvaṁ sakhābhūto mama priyaḥ

ramyaḥ pṛthivyāṁ yo deśastamāvasa narādhipa

paśavyaścaiva puṇyaśca prabhūtadhanadhānyavān

svārakṣyaścaiva saumyaśca bhogyairbhūmiguṇairyutaḥ


Though I belong to heaven and you to Earth, yet you are my friend and you are dear to me. 

O king of men! Live in that place in Earth which is delightful, which is full of animals, wealth and corn, which is sacred, which is well protected like heavenand which is blessed with fertility, which has agreeable climate and every object of enjoyment.


arthavāneṣadeśo hi dhanaratnādibhiryutaḥ

vasypūrṇā vasa cediṣu cedipa cedipa


O king of Cedi, this Cedi, your kingdom is full of riches, gems and precious stones, it contains much mineral wealth. You dwell there.

dharmaśīlā janapadāḥ susaṁtoṣāśca sādhavaḥ

na ca mithyāpralāpo ̍tra svaireṣvapi kuto ̍nyathā


Cities in this kingdom are all devoted to virtue. People are honest and contented. They never speak falsehood even in jest.


na ca pitrā vibhajyate putrā guruhite ratāḥ

yuñjate dhuri no gāśca kṛśānsaṁdhukṣayanti ca


Sons never divide their wealth here with their fathers. They are always mindful of their parent ̍s welfare. Lean kine are never yoked to plough or to cart engaged in carrying merchandise.


sarve varṇāḥ svadharmasthāḥ sadā cediṣu mānada

na te ̍styaviditaṁ kiṁcittriṣu lokeṣu yadbhavet


They are all well fed and fat. O reverencer of celestials, 4 castes are engaged in doing their respective duties in Chedi. Let nothing in 3 words remain unknown to you.


daivopabhogyaṁ divyaṁ tvāmākāśe sphāṭikaṁ mahat

ākāśagaṁ tvāṁ maddattaṁ vimānamupapatsyate


I shall give you an excellent and great crystal car, which is capable of carrying you through the sky.


tvamekaḥ sarvamartyeṣu vimānavaramāsthitaḥ

cariṣyasyuparistho hi devo vigrahavāniva


You only, among all mortals on Earth, will ride on that best of cars and go through the sky like celestial, though possessing physical body.

dadāmi te vaijayantīṁ mālāmamlānapaṅkajām

dhārayiṣyati saṁgrāme yā tvāṁ śastrairavikṣatam


I shall also give you victory producing garland of unfading lotuses, wearing which you shall not be wounded by weapons.


lakṣaṇaṁ caitadeveha bhavitā te narādhipa

indramāleti vikhyātaṁ dhanyamapratimaṁ mahat


O king of men, this excellent, matchless and great garland, widely known as Indra ̍s garland, will be your distinctive badge.


vaiśampāyana uvāca

yaṣṭiṁ ca vaiṇavīṁ tasmai dadau vṛtraniṣūdanaḥ

iṣṭapradānamuddiśya śiṣṭānāṁ pratipālinīm


Vaiśampāyana said: Slayer of Vṛtra - Indra gave him also bamboo stick to protect to protect honest and peaceful.

tasyāḥ śakrasya pūjārthaṁ bhūmau bhūmipatistadā

praveśaṁ kārayāmāsa gate saṁvatsare sadā


After expiration of a year, king planted it on the ground for the purpose of worshiping giver, Indra.


tataḥ prabhṛti cādyāpi yaṣṭeḥ kṣitipasattamaiḥ

praveśaḥ kriyate rājanyathā tena pravartitaḥ


O king! From that day up to this day, all kings, following example of Vasu, began to plant bamboo stick on the ground to worship Indra.

aparedyustasyāḥ kriyate ̍tyucchrayo nṛpaiḥ 

alaṅkṛtāyāḥ piṭakairgandhamālyaiśca bhūṣaṇaiḥ


Afer planting stick, they cover it with golden cloths, perfume it with scents and decorate it with garlands and various ornaments.


mālyadāmaparikṣiptā vidhivatkriyate ̍pi ca

bhagavānpūjyate cā ̍tra haṁsarūpeṇa ceśvaraḥ

svayameva gṛhītena vasoḥ prītyā mahātmanaḥ

sa tāṁ pūjāṁ mahendrastu dṛṣṭvā devaḥkṛtāṁ śubhām

vasunā rājamukhyena prītimānabravītprabhuḥ

ye pūjayiṣyanti narā rājānaśca mahaṁ mama


God Indra was thus worshipped in due form with garlands and ornaments. God, assuming form of a swan, came himself to accept worship thus offered. Great Indra was much pleased to see auspicious worship thus made by Vasu, best of kings and said to him: Those men and kings who will worship me.

kārayiṣyanti ca mudā yathā cedipatirnṛpaḥ

teṣāṁ śrīrvijayaścaiva sarāṣṭrāṇāṁ bhaviṣyati


And will observe this my festival like king of Cedi, will gain wealth and victory for their countries and kingdoms.


tathā sphīto janapado muditaśca bhaviṣyati

evaṁ mahātmanā tena mahendreṇa narādhipa

vasuḥ prītyā maghavatā mahārājo ̍bhisatkṛtaḥ

utsavaṁ kārayiṣyanti sadā śakrasya ye narāḤ


Their cities will also expand and will be ever in joy. O king, Vasu, great monarch, was thus blessed by high souled by high souled chief of celestials, Maghavat, Indra. Those men, who cause this festival of Indra to be observed.

bhūmiratnādibhirdānaistathā pūjyā bhavanti te

varadānamahāyajñaistathā śakrotsavena ca


With gifts of lands, gems, precious stones, like king Vasu, became much respected in the worlds.


saṁpūjito maghavatā vasuścedīśvaro nṛpaḥ

pālayāmāsa dharmeṇa cedisthaḥ pṛthivīmimām

putrāścā ̍sya mahāvīryāḥ pañcāsannamitaujasaḥ


Vasu, king of Cedi, thus being blessed by Indra and bestowing boons and performing gret sacrifices, continued to observe festival of Indra. He had 5 greatly powerful and immeasurably effulgent sons.

nānārājyeṣu ca sutānsa samrāḍabhyaṣecayat

mahāratho māgadhānāṁ viśruto yo bṛhadrathaḥ


Emperor Vasu installed his sons in many kingdoms. His illustrious son Bṛhadratha, great car warrior, was installed in the kingdom of Māgadhā.

pratyagrahaḥ kuśāmbaśca yamāhurmaṇivāhanam

māvellaśca yaduścaiva rājanyaścāparājitaḥ


His other sons were Pratyagraha and Kuśāmba, who was also called Maṇivāhana. Two others were Māvella and Yadu who was greatly powerful and invincible in battle.


ete tasya sutā rājan rājarṣerbhūritejasaḥ

nyaveśayannāmabhiḥ svaiste deśāṁśca purāṇi ca


O king! These were sons of that greatly effulgent royal sage. % sons founded kingdoms and cities after their names.


vāsavāḥ pañca rājānaḥ pṛthagvaṁśāśca śāśvatāḥ

vasantamindraprāsāde ākāśe sphāṭike ca tam


And they thus created separate dynasties lasted for long ages. When he travelled through space in the crystal car.


upatasthurmahātmānaṁ gandharvāpsaraso nṛpam

rājoparicaretyevaṁ nāma tasyātha viśrutam


Gandharvas and Apsaras came to adore that illustrious man and because he moved through upper regions in his car, he was called Uparicara.

puropavāhinīṁ tasya nadīṁ śuktimatīṁ giriḥ

arautsīccetanāyuktaḥ kāmātkolāhalaḥ kila


River by name Śuktimatī, which flowed by his capital, was once stopped by living mountain called Kolāhala, who was maddened by lust.


giriṁ kolāhalaṁ taṁ tu padā vasuratāḍayat

niścakrāma tatastena prahāravivareṇa sā


Mountain Kolāhala was kicked by Vasu and river came out embrace of mountain indentation caused by his kick.


tasyāṁ nadyāṁ sa janayanmithunaṁ parvataḥ svayam

tasmādvimokṣaṇātprītā nadī rāje nyavedayat


From this embrace of the mountain, river gave birth to a twin, son and daughter and river, grateful to Vasu, gave them both to him.

yaḥ pumānabhavattatra taṁ sa rājarṣisattamaḥ

vasurvasupradaścakre senāpatimariṁdamaḥ


Best of royal sages and giver of wealth and punisher of enemies, Vasu made son of river generalissimo of his army.


cakāra patnīṁ kanyāṁ tu tathā tāṁ girikāṁ nṛpaḥ

vasoḥ patnī tu girikā kāmakālaṁ nyavedayat

ṛtukālamanuprāptā snātā puṁsavane śuciḥ

tadahaḥ pitaraścainamūcurjahi mṛgāniti


King made daughter of the river who was called Girikā his wife. Girikā, wife of Vasu, purifying herself by bath when her season of impunity came, told her state to her husband, but that very day ancestors of vasu came to him.


taṁ rājasattamaṁ prītāstadā matimatāṁvara

sa pitṝṇāṁ tamanatikramya pārthivaḥ


And they asked that best of kings and foremost of wise men to kill deer to perform their Śrāddha and king, thinking that the command of his ancestors should not be disobeyed.


cakāra mṛgayāṁ kāmī girikāmeva saṁsmaran

atīvarūpasaṁpannāṁ sākṣāchriyamivāparām


Went out to hunt the deer, thinking of Girikā who was exceedingly beautiful and was like Śrī herself.


aśokaiścampakaiścūtairanekairatimuktakaiḥ

punnāgaiḥ karṇikāraiśca bakulairdivyapāṭalaiḥ


There were in the forest in which king went to hunt many Aśoka, Campaka, Cūtas, Atimuktas, Punnagas, Karṇikāras, Bakula, Divya pāṭala.


pāṭalairnārikelaiśca candanaiścārjunaistathā

etai ramyairmahāvṛkṣaiḥ puṇyaiḥ svāduphalairyutam


Pāṭala, Nārikela, Candana, Arjuna and various other beautiful, sacred and great trees, full of fragrant flowers and sweet fruits.


kokilākulasaṁnādaṁ mattabhramaranāditam

vasantakāle tattasya vanaṁ caitrarathopamam


Whole forest was maddened by sweet notes of Kokilas and echoed with hum of intoxicated bees. It was season of spring and forest in which king was roaming was beautiful as gardens of Kubera.


manmathābhiparītātmā nāpaśyadgirikāṁ tadā

apaśyankāmasaṁtaptaścaramāṇo yadṛcchayā

King was filled with desire, but he did not find Girikā by him. Maddened by desire king roamed here and there and he saw.


puṣpasaṁcchannaśākhāgraṁ pallavairupaśobhitam

aśokaṁ stabakaiśchannaṁ ramaṇīyamapaśyata


Beautiful Aśoka tree, decked with immense foliage and its branches so covered with flowers that they can not be seen.


adhastāttasya chāyāyāṁ sukhāsīno narādhipaḥ

madhuganghaiśca saṁyuktaṁ puṣpagandhamanoharam


King comfortably seated himself under its cool shade and enjoyed sweet fragrance of the flowers mixed with the fragrance of honey.


vāyunā preryamāṇastu dhūmrāya mudamanvagāt

tasya retaḥ pracaskanda carato gahane vane


He breathed delicious breeze blowing slowly all over the forest. He became so much excited. So, semen of king discharged in that forest.


skannamātraṁ ca tadreto vṛkṣapatreṇa bhūmipaḥ

pratijagrāha mithyā me na patedreta ityuta

idaṁ mithyā pariskannaṁ reto me na bhavediti

ṛtuśca tasyāḥ patnyā me na moghaḥ syāditi prabhuḥ


having discharged semen, king Uparicāra collected that semen on the leaf of a tree, to save its utility. King thought that his semen might not be wasted and also time of the menses of his wife would not pass uselessly.


saṁcintyaivaṁ tadā rājā vicārya ca punaḥ punaḥ

amoghatvaṁ ca vijñāya retaso rājasattamaḥ

śukraprasthāpane kāle mahiṣyāḥ prasamīkṣya vai

abhimantryātha tacchukramārāttiṣṭhantamāśugam


Thinking on it repeatedly king Vasu firmly determined to make semen infallible. After looking for the proper time to send it to his wife, he consecrented by mantras semen which was very strong for the origin of any progeny.

sūkṣmadharmārthatattvajño gatvā śyenaṁ tato ̍bravīt

matpiyārthamidaṁ saumya śukraṁ mama gṛhaṁ naya

King, learned in the subtle truths of Dharma, Artha, Kāma, saw swift hawk resting very near him. He addressed bird thus:


girikāyāḥ prayacchāśu tasyā hyārtavamadya vai

gṛhītvā tat tadā śyenastūrṇamutpatya vegavān


O amiable one! Take this to my wife Girikā and give it toher. She is now in her season. Swift hawk took it from king and flew rapidly through the sky.


javaṁ paramamāsthāya pradudrāva vihaṁgamaḥ

tamapaśyadathāyāntaṁ śyenaṁ śyenastathāparaḥ

abhyadravacca taṁ sadyo dṛṣṭvaivāmiṣaśaṅkayā


When he was thus flying through the sky. He was seen by another hawk and thinking that he was carrying some meat, he flew at him.

tuṇḍayuddhamathākāśe tāvubhau saṁpracakratuḥ

yudhyatorapatadretastaccāpi yamunāmbhasi


Two birds fought with their beaks and when they were thus fighting, seed fell into the waters of yamunā.


tatrādriketi vikhyātā brahmaśāpādvarāpsarāḥ

mīnabhāvamanuprāptā babhūva yamunācarī


There in Yamunā lived Apsarā, known by the name Adrikā, who dwelt in the water of the river as a fish, as the result of the curse of Brahmā on her.

śyenapādaparibhraṣṭaṁ tadvīryamatha vāsavam

jagrāha tarasopetya sādrikā matsyarūpiṇī


fish, Adrikā, rapidly came to the spot where Vasu ̍s seed fell from the claws of the hawk and she swallowed it at once.


kadācidapi matsīṁ tāṁ babandhurmatsyajīvinaḥ

māse ca daśame prāpte tadā bharatasattama


Some time after, this fish Adrikā was caught by fishermen. O best of Bharata race, it was 10th month after she swallowd the seed.

ujjahrurudarāttasyāḥ strīṁ pumāṁsaṁ ca mānuṣam
āścaryabhūtaṁ tadgatvā rājñe ̍tha pratyavedayan

There came out from the stomach of this fish two children of human form, one a boy and the other was girl. Fishermen were very much astonished to see this wonderful phenomenon and they went to king Uparicāra - Vasu.


kāye matsyā imau rājansaṁbhūtau mānuṣāviti
tayoḥ pumāṁsaṁ jagrāha rājoparicarastadā

They said: O king! These two - boy and girl have been born in the womb of fish. King Uparicāra took male child.

sa matsyo nāma rājāsīddhārmikaḥ satyasaṁgaraḥ
sāpsarā muktaśāpā ca kṣaṇena samapadyata

That child became afterwards virtuous and powerful monarch named Matsya. Apsara was also released from her form as soon as children were born,

yā puroktā bhagavatā tiryagyonigatā śubhā
mānuṣau janayitvā tvaṁ śāpamokṣamavāpsyati

 Because she had been told before by illustrious one that she would be released from her piscatorial form after giving birth to two human children.

tataḥ sā janayitvā tau viśastā matsyaghātinā
saṁyajya matsyarūpaṁ sā divyaṁ rūpamavāpya ca

Now according to these words, having given birth to two children and being killed by fishermen, she left the form of the fish and assumed her own celestial form.

siddharṣicāraṇapathaṁ jagāmātha varāpsarāḥ
sā kanyā duhitā tasyā matsyā matsyasagandhinī

Excellent Apsara then rose on the path trodden by Siddhas, Ṛṣis, Cāraṇas. Fish smelling daughter of fish form Apsara.

rājñā dattā ca dāśāya kanyeya te bhavatviti
rūpasatvasamāyuktā sarvaiḥ samuditāguṇaiḥ

Was then giving by the king to the fishermen, saying: Let this child be your daughter! 
She was gifted with great beauty and possessed of every virtue.

sā tu satyavatī nāma matsyaghātyabhisaṁśrayāt
āsītsā matsyagandhaiva kaṁcitkālaṁ śucismitā

That girl of sweet smiles was known by the name of Satyavatī, but owing to her association with fishermen, she was for years of fishy smell.

śūśrūṣārthaṁ piturnāvaṁ vāhayantīṁ jale ca tām
tīrthayātrāṁ parikrāmannapaśyadvai parāśaraḥ

Wishing to serve her father - fisherman, she plied a boat on the waters of Yamunā. Parāśara, when going on pilgrimage, saw her one day.

atīvarūpasaṁpannāṁ siddhānāmapi kāṅkṣatām

dṛṣṭvaiva sa ca tāṁ dhīmāṁścakame cāruhāsinīm


She was exceedingly beautuful, an object of desire with even Siddha. As soon as wise Ṛṣi saw the girl of sweet smiles, he desired to have her.


divyāṁ tāṁ vāsavīṁ kanyāṁ rambhoruṁ munipuṅgavaḥ

saṁgamaṁ mama kalyāṇi kuruṣvetyabhyabhāṣata


Best of Ṛṣis - Parāśara addressed daughter of Vasu, girl of celestial beauty and tapering things, saying: O blessed girl, accepted my embraces.

sābravītpaśya bhagavanpārāvāre sthitānṛṣīn

āvayordṛṣṭayorebhiḥ kathaṁ tu syātsamāgamaḥ


She replied: O holy Ṛṣi, see, Ṛṣis are standing on both banks of the river. Seen by them, how can I grant your wish?


evaṁtayokto bhagavānnīhāramasṛjatprabhuḥ

yena deśaḥ sa sarvastu tamobhūta ivābhavat


Thus addressed by her, illustrious lord Parāśara created a fog, by which whole place was covered with darkness.

dṛṣṭvā sṛṣṭaṁ tu nīhāraṁ tatastaṁ paramarṣiṇā

vismitā sābhavatkanyā vrīḍitā ca tapasvinī


Seeing sudden creation of the fog by great Ṛṣi, girl was very much astonished and became suffused with blushes of bashfulness.


viddhi māṁ bhagavankanyāṁ sadā pitṛvaśānugām

tvatsaṁyogācca duṣyeta kanyābhāvo mamānagha


Satyavatī said: O holy Ṛṣi! Know me to be a girl under control of my father. O sinless man, my virginity will be sullied by accepting your embraces.

kanyātve dūṣite vāpi kathaṁ śakṣye dvijottama

gṛhaṁ gantumṛṣe cāhaṁ dhīmanna sthātumutsahe

etatsaṁcintya bhagavanvidhatsva yadanantaram


O best of Brāhmaṇas, O Ṛṣi, my virginity being sallied, how shall I be able to return home? I shall not then be able to bear life. O illustrious one! Take this into your kind consideration and do what is proper.

vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca

evamuktavatīṁ tāṁ tu prītimānṛṣisattamaḥ

uvāca matpriyaṁ kṛtvā kanyaiva tvaṁ bhaviṣyasi


Vaiśampāyana said: That best of Brāhmaṇas, Parāśara, having been much pleased with all that she said, replied: You will remain a virgin even after associating with me!


vṛṇīṣva ca varaṁ bhīru yaṁ tvamicchasi bhāvini

vṛthā hi na prasādo me bhūtapūrvaḥ śucismite


O timid girl! O beauteous maiden! Ask from me any boon you desire to have! O beauty of swwet smiles, my favour has never proved fruitless.


evamuktā varaṁ vavre gātrasaugandhyamuttamam

sa cāsyai bhagavānprādānmanasaḥ kākṣitaṁ bhuvi

Having been thus addressed, maiden Satyavatī asked for the boon that her body might be sweet scented and illustrious Ṛṣi granted that wish of her heart.


tato labdhavarā prītā strībhāvaguṇabhūṣitā

jagāma saha saṁsargamṛṣiṇādbhutakarmaṇā


Having obtained boon, she became exceedingly pleased. She was in her season and she accepted embraces of that Ṛṣi of wonderful deeds.

tena gandhavatītyevaṁ nāmāsyāḥ prathitaṁ bhuvi

tasyāstu yojanādgandhamājighranta narā bhuvi


Thenceforth she become known among men by the name of Gandhavatī - sweet scented. Men could smell sweet scent of her body from distance of a Yojana.


tasyā yojanagandheti tato nāmāparaṁ smṛtam

tataḥ paraṁ sa bhagavān jagāma svagṛhaṁ prati


Thence she was also called Yojana gandha. After all this, illustrious Parāśara went away to his hermitage.

iti satyavatī hṛṣṭā labdhvā varamanuttamam

parāśareṇa saṁyuktā sadyo garbha suṣāva sā


Satyavatī was exceedingly pleased to receive excellent boon and she thereupon, on that very day, conceived through embraces of Parāśara.


jajñe ca yamunādvīpe pārāśaryaḥ sa vīryavān

sa mātaramanujñāpya tapasyeva mano dadhe


She gave birth on island in Yamunā, greatly powerful child, begotten on her by Parāśara and child with permission of her mother adopted asceticism.

smṛto ̍haṁ darśayiṣyāmi kṛtyeṣviti ca so ̍bravīt

evaṁ dvaipāyano jajñe satyavatyāṁ parāśarāt


He went away saying: As soon as I shall be remembered by you on any occasion, I shall immediately appear before you. THus was born Dvaipāyana in the womb of Satyavatī by Parāśara.


nyasto dvīpe sa yadvālastasmāddvaipāyanaḥ smṛtaḥ

pādāpasāriṇaṁ dharmaṁ sa tu vidvānyuge yuge


Because he was born on island, he was called Dvaipāyana, knowing that Dharma would became lame by one leg at each Yuga, 


āyuḥśaktiṁ ca martyānāṁ yugāvasthāmavekṣya ca

brahmaṇo brāhmaṇāṁ ca tathānugrahakāṅkṣayā


And that period of human life and strength would follow Yuga by becoming shorter and lesser and moved by desire of obtaining favour of Brāhmaṇa amd Brāhmaṇas,


vivyāsa vedānyasmātsa tasmādvyāsa iti smṛtaḥ

vedānadhyāpayāmāsa mahābhāratapañcamān


Arranged Vedas and thence he came to be called Vyāsa. He then taught Vedas and 5th Veda Mahābhārata.


sumantuṁ jauminiṁ pailaṁ śukaṁ caiva svamātmajam

prabhurvariṣṭho varado vaiśaṁpāyanameva ca


To Sumanta, Jaimini, Paila, his own son Śuka and his disciple Vaiśampāyana - myself.


saṁhitāstaiḥ pṛthaktvena bhāratasya prakāśitāḥ

tathā bhīṣmaḥ śāntanavo gaṅgāyāmamitadyutiḥ

vasuvīryāt samabhavanmahāvīryo mahāyaśāḥ



Bhārata Saṁhita was published by him separately through these men. Then was born in womb of Gaṅgā by Śāntanu, Bhīṣma of gret energy, fame and immeasurable prowess. 







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Bhīma

The Sanskrit word  भीम  ( Bhīma ), which can also be transliterated as  Bhim  or  Bheema , translates to  "terrifying," "form...